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Teacher, peer, or AI? Comparing effects of feedback sources in higher education

Date

Date

Date
2025
Journal Article
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Weidlich, J., Gotsch, F., Schudel, K., Marusic-würscher Claudia, Mazzarella, J., Bolten, H., Bütler, D., Luger, S., Wohlfender, B., & Maag Merki, K. (2025). Teacher, peer, or AI? Comparing effects of feedback sources in higher education. Computers and Education Open, 9, 100300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2025.100300

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

With the emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs), AI-generated feedback is gaining traction as a scalable feedback source for higher education. To qualify as viable alternatives for higher education classrooms, its relative effectiveness compared to teacher feedback and peer feedback needs to be better understood. To this end, a randomized field experiment (N = 90) compared the effects of three feedback sources—teacher, peer, and LLM—on students’ feedback perceptions and their achievement. To eliminate potential confounds, we (a) co

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Journal/Series Title

Journal/Series Title

Journal/Series Title
Computers and Education Open

Volume

Volume

Volume
9

Page range/Item number

Page range/Item number

Page range/Item number
100300

Item Type

Item Type

Item Type
Journal Article

Dewey Decimal Classifikation

Dewey Decimal Classifikation

Dewey Decimal Classifikation

Keywords

Feedback, artificial intelligence, peer feedback, experiment, large language model, feedback literacy, motivational orientation

Language

Language

Language
English

Publication date

Publication date

Publication date
2025-12

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Date available

Date available
2025-11-20

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Publisher

Publisher

ISSN or e-ISSN

ISSN or e-ISSN

ISSN or e-ISSN
2666-5573

OA Status

OA Status

OA Status
Gold

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Free Access at
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Weidlich, J., Gotsch, F., Schudel, K., Marusic-würscher Claudia, Mazzarella, J., Bolten, H., Bütler, D., Luger, S., Wohlfender, B., & Maag Merki, K. (2025). Teacher, peer, or AI? Comparing effects of feedback sources in higher education. Computers and Education Open, 9, 100300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2025.100300

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