Anterior cingulate Glutamate–Glutamine cycle metabolites are altered in euthymic bipolar I disorder

Soeiro-de-Souza, Márcio Gerhardt; Henning, Anke; Machado-Vieira, Rodrigo; Moreno, Ricardo A; Pastorello, Bruno F; da Costa Leite, Cláudia; Vallada, Homero; Otaduy, Maria Concepcion Garcia

doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.09.020

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Soeiro-de-Souza, M. G., Henning, A., Machado-Vieira, R., Moreno, R. A., Pastorello, B. F., da Costa Leite, C., Vallada, H., & Otaduy, M. C. G. (2015). Anterior cingulate Glutamate–Glutamine cycle metabolites are altered in euthymic bipolar I disorder. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 25(12), 2221–2229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.09.020

Abstract

Bipolar disorder (BD) has been consistently associated with abnormalities in the Glutamate/GABA-Glutamine cycle. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies have reported increased brain Glutamate (Glu) and Glx (Glu+Glutamine) in subjects with BD. However, data on separate measures of GABA and Glutamine (Gln) in BD are sparse due to overlapping resonant signals. The development of new sequence methods in the quantification of these metabolites has allowed a better understanding of the Glu/GABA-Gln cycle but data on this field of res