Publication: Self-Esteem and Income Over Time
Self-Esteem and Income Over Time
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Bleidorn, W., Kretzschmar, A., Rauthmann, J. F., Orth, U., Denissen, J. J. A., & Hopwood, C. J. (2023). Self-Esteem and Income Over Time. Psychological Science, 34(10), 1163–1172. https://doi.org/10.1177/09567976231185129
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There is robust evidence that people with higher incomes tend to have higher self-esteem, but little is known about how changes in income and self-esteem are related within individuals. Some theories predict that increased earnings lead to higher self-esteem, others that increased self-esteem leads to higher earnings, and still others that there should be no within-person associations between these variables. We tested these theories in 4-year longitudinal data from more than 4,000 adult participants from a Dutch representative sample
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Bleidorn, W., Kretzschmar, A., Rauthmann, J. F., Orth, U., Denissen, J. J. A., & Hopwood, C. J. (2023). Self-Esteem and Income Over Time. Psychological Science, 34(10), 1163–1172. https://doi.org/10.1177/09567976231185129