Paraclimbing coach: a qualitative needs analysis of competencies and skills from the perspective of elite paraclimbers

Abstract

Background: Despite the exponential growth of Paraclimbing as a sports discipline in recent years, there is a significant gap in research concerning the specific training needs of paraclimbing coaches(PC). The unique challenges posed by the athletes’ disabilities require coaches to possess specialized knowledge and competencies in both physical training and psychological support. Objective: This study aims to explore the elite paraclimbing athletes (EPCA) expectations and perceived training needs regarding their coaches to understand better how coaching can be optimized for this emerging sport. Methods: A qualitative, cross-sectional study design was employed, utilizing semi-structured interviews with six ( N = 6) EPCA from German-speaking countries. The interview guide was developed based on the expertise from the field and competence model by Zeuner and Hummel (2006), focusing on four domains: professional, methodological, self-expertise, and social skills. Interviews were analyzed through thematic analysis. Results: The findings reveal that while general climbing training covers many relevant aspects, it inadequately addresses the specific needs of athletes with disabilities. Key areas identified for improvement include integrating disability-specific knowledge into training programs, including mental health support strategies, and the need for better coordination with external professionals such as psychologists and medical experts. Moreover, the athletes emphasized the importance of social and professional expertise. Conclusion: This study highlights the need for specialized training programs for paraclimbing coaches incorporating disability-specific knowledge and mental health competencies. Addressing these gaps and needs is essential for supporting the development and success of para-athletes, and for ensuring that coaching in paraclimbing evolves alongside the sport’s growing demands.