Osteoconductivity of bone substitutes with filament-based microarchitectures: Influence of directionality, filament dimension, and distance

Abstract

Additive manufacturing can be applied to produce personalized bone substitutes. At present, the major three-dimensional (3D) printing methodology relies on fila­ment extrusion. In bioprinting, the extruded filament consists mainly of hydrogels, in which growth factors and cells are embedded. In this study, we used a lithogra­phy-based 3D printing methodology to mimic filament-based microarchitectures by varying the filament dimension and the distance between the filaments. In the first set of scaffolds, all filaments were aligned towa Show more