Modularity in host-parasite mixed-networks: interaction configuration shifts based on human perturbation and parasitism form

Abstract

Parasitism is an association based on host individual traits and environmental factors. The complexity of this type of interaction is often lost when studying species-by-species interaction networks. Here we analyze changes in modularity - a metric describing groups of nodes interacting much more frequently among themselves than they do with nodes of other modules, considering the host individual variation and the different forms of parasitism: ecto- and endo parasitism. For this, we studied mixed networks: bipartite networks comprisi Show more