Impact of sex and gender on post-COVID-19 syndrome, Switzerland, 2020

Gebhard, Caroline E; Sütsch, Claudia; Gebert, Pimrapat; Gysi, Bianca; Bengs, Susan; Todorov, Atanas; Deforth, Manja; Buehler, Philipp K; Meisel, Alexander; Schuepbach, Reto A; Zinkernagel, Annelies S; Brugger, Silvio D; Acevedo, Claudio; Patriki, Dimitri; Wiggli, Benedikt; Beer, Jürg H; Friedl, Andrée; Twerenbold, Raphael; Kuster, Gabriela M; Pargger, Hans

doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.2.2300200

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Gebhard, C. E., Sütsch, C., Gebert, P., Gysi, B., Bengs, S., Todorov, A., Deforth, M., Buehler, P. K., Meisel, A., Schuepbach, R. A., Zinkernagel, A. S., Brugger, S. D., Acevedo, C., Patriki, D., Wiggli, B., Beer, J. H., Friedl, A., Twerenbold, R., Kuster, G. M., … et al. (2024). Impact of sex and gender on post-COVID-19 syndrome, Switzerland, 2020. Eurosurveillance, 29(2), 2300200. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.2.2300200

Abstract

Background: Women are overrepresented among individuals with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). Biological (sex) as well as sociocultural (gender) differences between women and men might account for this imbalance, yet their impact on PASC is unknown. Aim: We assessed the impact of sex and gender on PASC in a Swiss population. Method: Our multicentre prospective cohort study included 2,856 (46% women, mean age 44.2 ± 16.8 years) outpatients and hospitalised patients with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.ResultsAmong