Sex-specific associations of basal steroid hormones and neuropeptides with Conduct Disorder and neuroendocrine mediation of environmental risk

Bernhard, Anka; Kirchner, Marietta; Martinelli, Anne; Ackermann, Katharina; Kohls, Gregor; González-Madruga, Karen; Wells, Amy; Fernández-Rivas, Aranzazu; de Artaza-Lavesa, Maider González; Raschle, Nora Maria; Konsta, Angeliki; Siklósi, Réka; Hervas, Amaia; Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate; De Brito, Stephane A; Popma, Arne; Stadler, Christina; Konrad, Kerstin; Fairchild, Graeme; Freitag, Christine M

doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.03.016

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Bernhard, A., Kirchner, M., Martinelli, A., Ackermann, K., Kohls, G., González-Madruga, K., Wells, A., Fernández-Rivas, A., de Artaza-Lavesa, M. G., Raschle, N. M., Konsta, A., Siklósi, R., Hervas, A., Herpertz-Dahlmann, B., De Brito, S. A., Popma, A., Stadler, C., Konrad, K., Fairchild, G., & Freitag, C. M. (2021). Sex-specific associations of basal steroid hormones and neuropeptides with Conduct Disorder and neuroendocrine mediation of environmental risk. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 49, 40–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.03.016

Abstract

Conduct Disorder (CD) is characterized by severe aggressive and antisocial behavior. The stress hormone system has frequently been investigated as a neurobiological correlate of CD, while other interacting neuroendocrine biomarkers of sex hormone or neuropeptide systems have rarely been studied, especially in females. We examined multiple basal neuroendocrine biomarkers in female and male adolescents with CD compared to healthy controls (HCs), and explored whether they mediate effects of environmental risk factors on CD. Within the Fe