Publication: Black Pete, King Balthasar, and the New Orleans Zulus: Can black make-up traditions ever be justified?
Black Pete, King Balthasar, and the New Orleans Zulus: Can black make-up traditions ever be justified?
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de Vries, B. (2021). Black Pete, King Balthasar, and the New Orleans Zulus: Can black make-up traditions ever be justified? Journal of Controversial Ideas, 1, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.35995/jci01010008
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Wearing black make-up to impersonate black individuals has become highly controversial in many countries, even when it is part of long-standing cultural traditions. Prominent examples of such traditions include Saint Nicolas celebrations in the Netherlands (which feature a black character known as “Black Pete” who hands out candy to children), Epiphany parades in Spain (which feature impersonations of the biblical king Balthasar who is traditionally portrayed as black) and the annual Zulu parade in New Orleans (which features imperson
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de Vries, B. (2021). Black Pete, King Balthasar, and the New Orleans Zulus: Can black make-up traditions ever be justified? Journal of Controversial Ideas, 1, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.35995/jci01010008
