Sexual disparity of copeptin in healthy newborn infants

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Arginine vasopressin (AVP) regulates water balance and blood pressure and plays a role in social behavioral processes. Healthy adult men as compared with women have higher blood levels of AVP and its C-terminal precursor peptide, copeptin.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to investigate whether sexual disparity of copeptin is present at birth.
METHODS: In 241 prospectively enrolled healthy newborn infants, 131 boys and 110 girls, plasma copeptin concentrations were measured at birth and on day 3 of life.
RESULTS: Multivariable linear regression analysis revealed stressful delivery (regression coefficient β = .569, P <0.001), acidosis (β = -.347, P < .001), and male gender (β = .132, P < .01) as independent determinants of copeptin at birth. In infants born without stress, that is by primary cesarean section (n = 81), male gender was the sole variable associated with copeptin (β = .286, P < .05), copeptin concentrations being higher in boys [median 5.5 pmol/L (interquartile range 4.4-10.2)] than in girls [4.8 pmol/L (interquartile range 3.6-5.8), P < .05]. At day 3 of life, copeptin was determined independently by postnatal physiological dehydration (β = .485; P < .001) and birth weight (β = .279; P < .01).
CONCLUSION: Sexual disparity of copeptin is already present at birth, indicating increased activation of the AVP system in newborn boys as compared with girls.