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Adaptations of skeletal muscle mitochondria to exercise training


Lundby, Carsten; Jacobs, Robert A (2016). Adaptations of skeletal muscle mitochondria to exercise training. Experimental Physiology, 101(1):17-22.

Abstract

NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? We review recent work relating to exercise-induced alterations in mitochondrial structure and function. What advances does it highlight? Training mitochondrial volume density increases due to 1) an increase cross sectional area and 2) longitudinal growth. Specific respiratory alterations appear dependent on exercise training intensity. Low-moderate endurance training primarily improves the capacity for fat oxidation whereas high-intensity interval training (HIT) improves global respiratory capacity. The latter includes maximal state 3 mass-specific respiration, which is the strongest individual measure predictive of endurance performance. This highlights the importance of training specificity in endurance athletes. Mitochondrial volume density (MitoVD ) is composed of two distinct mitochondrial subpopulations- intermyofibrillar mitochondria (MitoIMF ) and subsarcolemmal mitochondria (MitoSS ). With exercise training, MitoVD may increase by up to 40% and is, for the most part, related to an increase in MitoIMF . Exercise-induced adaptations in mitochondrial function depend on the intensity of training and appear to be explained predominately by an increased expression of mitochondrial enzymes that facilitate aerobic metabolism. Although mitochondrial content often increases with training, it seems that mitochondrial adaptations are not needed to facilitate maximal oxygen uptake, whereas such adaptations are of greater importance for endurance capacity.

Abstract

NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? We review recent work relating to exercise-induced alterations in mitochondrial structure and function. What advances does it highlight? Training mitochondrial volume density increases due to 1) an increase cross sectional area and 2) longitudinal growth. Specific respiratory alterations appear dependent on exercise training intensity. Low-moderate endurance training primarily improves the capacity for fat oxidation whereas high-intensity interval training (HIT) improves global respiratory capacity. The latter includes maximal state 3 mass-specific respiration, which is the strongest individual measure predictive of endurance performance. This highlights the importance of training specificity in endurance athletes. Mitochondrial volume density (MitoVD ) is composed of two distinct mitochondrial subpopulations- intermyofibrillar mitochondria (MitoIMF ) and subsarcolemmal mitochondria (MitoSS ). With exercise training, MitoVD may increase by up to 40% and is, for the most part, related to an increase in MitoIMF . Exercise-induced adaptations in mitochondrial function depend on the intensity of training and appear to be explained predominately by an increased expression of mitochondrial enzymes that facilitate aerobic metabolism. Although mitochondrial content often increases with training, it seems that mitochondrial adaptations are not needed to facilitate maximal oxygen uptake, whereas such adaptations are of greater importance for endurance capacity.

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Additional indexing

Item Type:Journal Article, refereed, further contribution
Communities & Collections:04 Faculty of Medicine > Institute of Physiology
07 Faculty of Science > Institute of Physiology

04 Faculty of Medicine > Center for Integrative Human Physiology
Dewey Decimal Classification:570 Life sciences; biology
610 Medicine & health
Scopus Subject Areas:Life Sciences > Physiology
Health Sciences > Nutrition and Dietetics
Health Sciences > Physiology (medical)
Language:English
Date:1 January 2016
Deposited On:24 Feb 2016 14:25
Last Modified:15 Nov 2023 08:05
Publisher:Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc.
ISSN:0958-0670
OA Status:Closed
Free access at:Publisher DOI. An embargo period may apply.
Publisher DOI:https://doi.org/10.1113/EP085319
PubMed ID:26440213