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The frequency of inappropriate nonformulary medication alert overrides in the inpatient setting

Her, Qoua L; Amato, Mary G; Seger, Diane L; Beeler, Patrick E; Slight, Sarah P; Dalleur, Olivia; Dykes, Patricia C; Gilmore, James F; Fanikos, John; Fiskio, Julie M; Bates, David W (2016). The frequency of inappropriate nonformulary medication alert overrides in the inpatient setting. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association (JAMIA), 23(5):924-933.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Experts suggest that formulary alerts at the time of medication order entry are the most effective form of clinical decision support to automate formulary management.
OBJECTIVE: Our objectives were to quantify the frequency of inappropriate nonformulary medication (NFM) alert overrides in the inpatient setting and provide insight on how the design of formulary alerts could be improved.
METHODS: Alert overrides of the top 11 (n = 206) most-utilized and highest-costing NFMs, from January 1 to December 31, 2012, were randomly selected for appropriateness evaluation. Using an empirically developed appropriateness algorithm, appropriateness of NFM alert overrides was assessed by 2 pharmacists via chart review. Appropriateness agreement of overrides was assessed with a Cohen's kappa. We also assessed which types of NFMs were most likely to be inappropriately overridden, the override reasons that were disproportionately provided in the inappropriate overrides, and the specific reasons the overrides were considered inappropriate.
RESULTS: Approximately 17.2% (n = 35.4/206) of NFM alerts were inappropriately overridden. Non-oral NFM alerts were more likely to be inappropriately overridden compared to orals. Alerts overridden with "blank" reasons were more likely to be inappropriate. The failure to first try a formulary alternative was the most common reason for alerts being overridden inappropriately.
CONCLUSION: Approximately 1 in 5 NFM alert overrides are overridden inappropriately. Future research should evaluate the impact of mandating a valid override reason and adding a list of formulary alternatives to each NFM alert; we speculate these NFM alert features may decrease the frequency of inappropriate overrides.

Additional indexing

Item Type:Journal Article, refereed, original work
Communities & Collections:04 Faculty of Medicine > Center for Microscopy and Image Analysis
04 Faculty of Medicine > University Hospital Zurich > Department of Aging Medicine
04 Faculty of Medicine > Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM)
Dewey Decimal Classification:570 Life sciences; biology
610 Medicine & health
Scopus Subject Areas:Health Sciences > Health Informatics
Language:English
Date:21 March 2016
Deposited On:06 May 2016 18:00
Last Modified:15 Oct 2024 01:38
Publisher:BMJ Publishing Group
ISSN:1067-5027
OA Status:Hybrid
Free access at:Publisher DOI. An embargo period may apply.
Publisher DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocv181
PubMed ID:27002076
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