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Effects of exercise training in hypoxia versus normoxia on vascular health

Montero, David; Lundby, Carsten (2016). Effects of exercise training in hypoxia versus normoxia on vascular health. Sports Medicine, 46(11):1725-1736.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Exercise training (ExT) prompts multiple beneficial adaptations associated with vascular health, such as increases in skeletal muscle capillarization and vascular dilator function and decreases in arterial stiffness. However, whether ExT performed in hypoxic conditions induces enhanced effects is unclear.
OBJECTIVE: We sought to systematically review the literature and determine whether hypoxic ExT leads to superior vascular adaptations compared with normoxic ExT.
METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science from their inception until September 2015 for articles assessing vascular adaptations to ExT performed under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. We performed meta-analyses to determine the standardized mean difference (SMD) between the effects of ExT performed in hypoxia versus normoxia on vascular adaptations. We assessed heterogeneity among studies using I (2) statistics and evaluated publication bias via the Begg and Mazumdar's rank correlation test and Egger's regression test.
RESULTS: After systematic review, we included 21 controlled studies, including a total of 331 individuals (mean age 19-57 years, 265 males). ExT programs primarily consisted of cycling endurance training performed in normobaric hypoxia or normoxia; duration ranged from 3 to 10 weeks. The exercise intensity was similar in relative terms in the groups trained in hypoxia and normoxia in the majority of studies (17 of 21). After data pooling, skeletal muscle capillarization (n = 182, SMD = 0.40, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.10-0.70; P = 0.01) and vascular dilator function (n = 71, SMD = 0.67, 95 % CI 0.17-1.18; P = 0.009) but not arterial stiffness (n = 112, SMD = -0.03, 95 % CI -0.69 to 0.63; P = 0.93), were enhanced with ExT performed in hypoxia versus normoxia. We only found heterogeneity among studies assessing arterial stiffness (I (2) = 63 %, P = 0.02), and no publication bias was detected.
CONCLUSION: Based on current published studies, hypoxic ExT potentiates vascular adaptations related to skeletal muscle capillarization and dilator function. These findings may contribute to establishing effective exercise programs designed to enhance vascular health.

Additional indexing

Item Type:Journal Article, refereed, further contribution
Communities & Collections:04 Faculty of Medicine > Institute of Physiology
07 Faculty of Science > Institute of Physiology

04 Faculty of Medicine > Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP)
Dewey Decimal Classification:570 Life sciences; biology
610 Medicine & health
Scopus Subject Areas:Health Sciences > Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Health Sciences > Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation
Language:English
Date:November 2016
Deposited On:15 Mar 2017 11:22
Last Modified:16 Jan 2025 02:41
Publisher:Springer
ISSN:0112-1642
OA Status:Closed
Publisher DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0570-5
PubMed ID:27286988
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