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Pulmonary hypertension in patients with severe aortic stenosis: prognostic impact after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: pulmonary hypertension in patients undergoing TAVR

Alushi, Brunilda; Beckhoff, Frederik; Leistner, David; Franz, Marcus; Reinthaler, Markus; Stähli, Barbara E; Morguet, Andreas; Figulla, Hans R; Doenst, Torsten; Maisano, Francesco; Falk, Volkmar; Landmesser, Ulf; Lauten, Alexander (2019). Pulmonary hypertension in patients with severe aortic stenosis: prognostic impact after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: pulmonary hypertension in patients undergoing TAVR. JACC : Cardiovascular Imaging, 12(4):591-601.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: The authors investigated the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH), predictors of PH regression, and its prognostic impact on short, mid-, and long-term outcomes in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) for severe aortic stenosis (AS).
BACKGROUND: PH represents a common finding in patients with AS. Although TAVR is frequently associated with regression of PH, the predictors of reversible PH and its prognostic significance remain uncertain.
METHODS: In this study, 617 consecutive patients undergoing TAVR between 2009 and 2015 were stratified per baseline tertiles of pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) as follows: normal (PASP <34 mm Hg), mild-to-moderate (34 mm Hg ≤ PASP <46 mm Hg), and severe PASP elevation (PASP ≥46 mm Hg). After TAVR, 520 patients with PH at discharge were stratified according to the presence or absence of PASP reduction. Primary outcome was all-cause mortality at 30 days, 1 year, and long-term follow-up at a maximum of 5.9 years.
RESULTS: In patients with both mild-to-moderate and severe PH at baseline, PASP decreased significantly at discharge (ΔPASP 3.0 ± 9.3 mm Hg and 12.0 ± 10.0 mm Hg, respectively) and 1 year (ΔPASP 5.0 ± 9.7 mm Hg and 18.0 ± 14.0 mm Hg, respectively). At a median follow-up of 370 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 84 to 500 days), the risk of all-cause mortality was similar among baseline PASP groups at all time intervals evaluated. After TAVR, a significant regression of PH was observed in 46% of patients. Contrarily, patients with residual PH had a higher risk of all-cause mortality at 30 days (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.74 to 6.99; p < 0.001), 1 year (HR: 3.12, 95% CI: 2.06 to 4.72; p < 0.001), and long-term (HR: 2.47, 95% CI: 1.74 to 3.49; p < 0.001). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) >40% (odds ratio [OR]: 3.56, 95% CI: 2.24 to 5.65; p < 0.001), baseline PASP ≥46 mm Hg (OR: 3.26, 95% CI: 2.07 to 5.12; p < 0.001), absence of concomitant tricuspid regurgitation (TR) ≥ moderate (OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.34 to 0.84; p < 0.001), and logistic EuroSCORE <25% (OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.04 to 2.45; p = 0.03) were independent predictors of PASP reduction.
CONCLUSIONS: In most patients with PH and AS, TAVR is associated with a significant early and late reduction of PASP. Patients with reversible PH after TAVR are at lower risk of all-cause mortality at early, mid-, and long-term follow-up. Therefore, the presence of PH should not preclude treatment with TAVR.

Additional indexing

Item Type:Journal Article, refereed, original work
Communities & Collections:04 Faculty of Medicine > University Hospital Zurich > Clinic for Cardiac Surgery
04 Faculty of Medicine > University Hospital Zurich > Clinic for Cardiology
Dewey Decimal Classification:610 Medicine & health
Scopus Subject Areas:Health Sciences > Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
Health Sciences > Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Uncontrolled Keywords:TAVR, , aortic Stenosis, , aortic valve, , dysfunction, , pulmonary Hypertension, , right ventricular, , tricuspid regurgitation
Language:English
Date:1 April 2019
Deposited On:06 Aug 2018 14:19
Last Modified:19 Oct 2024 01:36
Publisher:Elsevier
ISSN:1876-7591
OA Status:Closed
Free access at:Publisher DOI. An embargo period may apply.
Publisher DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.02.015
PubMed ID:29680341

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