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Obesity and aging: determinants of endothelial cell dysfunction and atherosclerosis

Barton, Matthias (2010). Obesity and aging: determinants of endothelial cell dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Pflügers Archiv : European Journal of Physiology, 460(5):825-837.

Abstract

Endothelial cells are both the source and target of factors contributing to atherosclerosis. After the discovery of the endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) by Robert F. Furchgott in 1980 it soon became clear that endothelial cells also release vasoactive factors distinct from nitric oxide (NO) namely, endothelium-derived contracting factors (EDCF) as well as hyperpolarizing factors (EDHF). Vasoactive factors derived from endothelial cells include NO/EDRF, reactive oxygen species, endothelins and angiotensins which have either EDRF or EDCF functions, cyclooxygenase-derived EDCFs and EDRFs, and EDHFs. Endothelial factors are formed by enzymes such as NO synthase, cyclooxygenase, converting enyzmes, NADPH oxidases, and epoxigenases, among others, and participate in the regulation of vascular homeostasis under physiological conditions; however, their abnormal regulation due to endothelial cell dysfunction contributes to disease processes such as atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension, and renal disease. Because of recent changes in world demographics and the declining health status of the world's population, both aging and obesity as independent risk factors for atherosclerosis-related diseases such as coronary artery disease and stroke, will continue to increase in the years to come. Obesity and associated conditions such as arterial hypertension and diabetes are now also some of the primary health concerns among children and adolescents. The similarities of pathomechanisms activated in obesity and aging suggest that obesity—at least in the vasculature—can be considered to have effects consistent with accelerated, "premature” aging. Pathomechanisms as well as the clinical issues of obesity- and aging-associated vascular changes important for atherosclerosis development and prevention are discussed

Additional indexing

Item Type:Journal Article, refereed, original work
Communities & Collections:National licences > 142-005
Dewey Decimal Classification:570 Life sciences; biology
610 Medicine & health
Scopus Subject Areas:Life Sciences > Physiology
Life Sciences > Clinical Biochemistry
Health Sciences > Physiology (medical)
Language:English
Date:1 October 2010
Deposited On:12 Dec 2018 16:48
Last Modified:19 Oct 2024 01:41
Publisher:Springer
ISSN:0031-6768
OA Status:Green
Publisher DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-010-0860-y
PubMed ID:20635093
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  • Content: Published Version
  • Language: English
  • Description: Nationallizenz 142-005

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