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Real-time breath analysis reveals specific metabolic signatures of COPD exacerbations

Gaugg, Martin Thomas; Nussbaumer-Ochsner, Yvonne; Bregy, Lukas; Engler, Anna; Stebler, Nina; Gaisl, Thomas; Bruderer, Tobias; Nowak, Nora; Sinues, Pablo; Zenobi, Renato; Kohler, Malcolm (2019). Real-time breath analysis reveals specific metabolic signatures of COPD exacerbations. Chest, 156(2):269-276.

Abstract

Background Exacerbations of COPD are defined by acute worsening of respiratory symptoms leading to a change in therapy. Identifying altered metabolic processes in patients at risk for future exacerbations is desirable for treatment optimization, the development of new therapeutic strategies, and perhaps diagnostic value. We aimed to identify affected pathways using the profiles of volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath from patients with COPD with and without frequent exacerbations (≥ 2 exacerbations within the past 12 months).
Methods In this matched cohort study, exhaled breath profiles from patients with COPD and frequent exacerbations (“frequent exacerbators”) and without frequent exacerbations (“nonfrequent exacerbators”) were analyzed during an exacerbation-free interval using real-time secondary electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry. We analyzed exhaled breath from 26 frequent exacerbators and 26 nonfrequent exacerbators that were matched in terms of age, sex, and smoking history. To obtain new pathophysiological insights, we investigated significantly altered metabolites, which can be assigned to specific pathways. Metabolites were identified by using a Wilcoxon rank-sum test.
Results Metabolite levels from the ω-oxidation pathway, namely ω-hydroxy, ω-oxo, and dicarboxylic acids, were consistently decreased in frequent exacerbators. Additionally, several new nitro-aromatic metabolites, which were significantly increased in frequent exacerbators, were identified.
Conclusions Real-time breath analysis by secondary electrospray high-resolution mass spectrometry allows molecular profiling of exhaled breath, providing insights about ongoing biochemical processes in patients with COPD at risk for exacerbations.

Additional indexing

Item Type:Journal Article, refereed, original work
Communities & Collections:04 Faculty of Medicine > University Hospital Zurich > Clinic for Pneumology
Dewey Decimal Classification:610 Medicine & health
Scopus Subject Areas:Health Sciences > Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Health Sciences > Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine
Health Sciences > Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Uncontrolled Keywords:Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Language:English
Date:1 August 2019
Deposited On:14 Mar 2019 16:36
Last Modified:21 Oct 2024 01:35
Publisher:Elsevier
ISSN:0012-3692
OA Status:Closed
Publisher DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2018.12.023
PubMed ID:30685334
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