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C-terminally truncated, kidney-specific variants of the WNK4 kinase lack several sites that regulate its activity

Abstract

WNK lysine-deficient protein kinase 4 (WNK4) is an important regulator of renal salt handling. Mutations in its gene cause pseudohypoaldosteronism type II, mainly arising from overactivation of the renal Na+/Cl- cotransporter (NCC). In addition to full-length WNK4, we have observed faster migrating bands (between 95 and 130 kDa) in Western blots of kidney lysates. Therefore, we hypothesized that these could correspond to uncharacterized WNK4 variants. Here, using several WNK4 antibodies and WNK4-/- mice as controls, we showed that these bands indeed correspond to short WNK4 variants that are not observed in other tissue lysates. LC-MS/MS confirmed these bands as WNK4 variants that lack C-terminal segments. In HEK293 cells, truncation of WNK4's C terminus at several positions increased its kinase activity toward Ste20-related proline/alanine-rich kinase (SPAK), unless the truncated segment included the SPAK-binding site. Of note, this gain-of-function effect was due to the loss of a protein phosphatase 1 (PP1)-binding site in WNK4. Cotransfection with PP1 resulted in WNK4 dephosphorylation, an activity that was abrogated in the PP1-binding site WNK4 mutant. The electrophoretic mobility of the in vivo short variants of renal WNK4 suggested that they lack the SPAK-binding site and thus may not behave as constitutively active kinases toward SPAK. Finally, we show that at least one of the WNK4 short variants may be produced by proteolysis involving a Zn2+-dependent metalloprotease, as recombinant full-length WNK4 was cleaved when incubated with kidney lysate.

Additional indexing

Item Type:Journal Article, refereed, original work
Communities & Collections:04 Faculty of Medicine > Institute of Anatomy
Dewey Decimal Classification:570 Life sciences; biology
610 Medicine & health
Scopus Subject Areas:Life Sciences > Biochemistry
Life Sciences > Molecular Biology
Life Sciences > Cell Biology
Language:English
Date:3 August 2018
Deposited On:07 Mar 2019 14:05
Last Modified:21 Oct 2024 01:36
Publisher:American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
ISSN:0021-9258
OA Status:Hybrid
Free access at:PubMed ID. An embargo period may apply.
Publisher DOI:https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.RA118.003037
PubMed ID:29921588
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