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Expansion and contraction of the flowing stream network alter hillslope flowpath lengths and the shape of the travel time distribution

van Meerveld, H J; Kirchner, James W; Vis, Marc J P; Assendelft, Rick S; Seibert, Jan (2019). Expansion and contraction of the flowing stream network alter hillslope flowpath lengths and the shape of the travel time distribution. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 23(11):4825-4834.

Abstract

Flowing stream networks dynamically extend and retract, both seasonally and in response to precipitation events. These network dynamics can dramatically alter the drainage density and thus the length of subsurface flow pathways to flowing streams. We mapped flowing stream networks in a small Swiss headwater catchment during different wetness conditions and estimated their effects on the distribution of travel times to the catchment outlet. For each point in the catchment, we determined the subsurface transport distance to the flowing stream based on the surface topography and determined the surface transport distance along the flowing stream to the outlet. We combined the distributions of these travel distances with assumed surface and subsurface flow velocities to estimate the distribution of travel times to the outlet. These calculations show that the extension and retraction of the stream network can substantially change the mean travel time and the shape of the travel time distribution. During wet conditions with a fully extended flowing stream network, the travel time distribution was strongly skewed to short travel times, but as the network retracted during dry conditions, the distribution of the travel times became more uniform. Stream network dynamics are widely ignored in catchment models, but our results show that they need to be taken into account when modeling solute transport and interpreting travel time distributions.

Additional indexing

Item Type:Journal Article, refereed, original work
Communities & Collections:07 Faculty of Science > Institute of Geography
Dewey Decimal Classification:910 Geography & travel
Scopus Subject Areas:Physical Sciences > Water Science and Technology
Physical Sciences > Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)
Language:English
Date:27 November 2019
Deposited On:17 Dec 2019 11:22
Last Modified:20 Jun 2025 01:41
Publisher:Copernicus Publications
ISSN:1027-5606
OA Status:Gold
Free access at:Publisher DOI. An embargo period may apply.
Publisher DOI:https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4825-2019
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  • Language: English
  • Licence: Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

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