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Nicht-neoplastische Erkrankungen des Lymphknotens: vom histologischen Muster zur Diagnose

Vallejo, Alfonso; Menter, Thomas; Tzankov, Alexandar; Dirnhofer, Stefan (2019). Nicht-neoplastische Erkrankungen des Lymphknotens: vom histologischen Muster zur Diagnose. Therapeutische Umschau. Revue thérapeutique, 76(7):365-373.

Abstract

Eine entscheidende Rolle der histopathologischen Untersuchung vergrösserter Lymphknoten ist die Abgrenzung maligner und benigner Prozesse. Die zentrale Bedeutung dieses Punktes zeigt sich darin, dass mit Lymphomen verwechselte reaktive Lymphadenopathien zu den am häufigsten fehldiagnostizierten Krebsarten gehören. Auf der anderen Seite dient die Erkennung mehr oder weniger spezifischer histopathologischer Muster reaktiv vergrösserter Lymphknoten der Einschränkung potentieller Ursachen, auch derjenigen, die sonst nur durch ressourcenintensive Sondertechniken spezifisch identifiziert werden können – je enger die bei der histopathologischen Untersuchung erstellte Differentialdiagnose ist, desto zielgerichteter und effizienter ist die Anwendung dieser Techniken. Diese Übersicht bietet eine Zusammenfassung der wesentlichen histopathologischen Merkmale einiger der häufigsten bzw. am besten charakterisierten reaktiven Lymphadenopathien.

Reactive Lymphadenopathies Abstract. A lymphadenopathy, i. e. lymph node enlargement, is a relatively frequent finding in both children and adults and in the vast majority of cases corresponds to reactive changes that disappear spontaneously within several weeks. In cases with a marked or persistent enlargement of the lymph node or an unusual clinical presentation, further investigation is warranted, which relies, in addition to clinical, laboratory and radiological findings, upon the histological examination of the enlarged lymph node - being the crucial task thereof the discrimination between malignant and benign processes. The capital importance of this is illustrated by the fact that reactive lymphadenopathies mistaken for lymphomas are among the most frequently misdiagnosed types of cancer. On the other hand, the recognition of more or less specific histopathological patterns of reactive changes serves to narrow down the various potential causes, including those that would otherwise only be recognised by the use of resource-intensive ancillary techniques. Hence, the narrower the differential diagnosis based on the histopathological examination is, the more targeted and efficient the application of these techniques can be. This review provides a summary of the essential histopathological features of some of the most common and best-characterised reactive lymphadenopathies. After a description of the most important morphological patterns of lymph node changes, we will discuss individual clinical pictures, from infectious and idiopathic processes to autoimmune diseases and drug-associated changes.

Additional indexing

Item Type:Journal Article, refereed, further contribution
Communities & Collections:04 Faculty of Medicine > University Hospital Zurich > Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology
Dewey Decimal Classification:610 Medicine & health
Scopus Subject Areas:Health Sciences > General Medicine
Uncontrolled Keywords:General Medicine
Language:German
Date:1 December 2019
Deposited On:15 Jan 2020 14:10
Last Modified:04 Sep 2024 03:37
Publisher:Hogrefe Verlag
ISSN:0040-5930
OA Status:Closed
Publisher DOI:https://doi.org/10.1024/0040-5930/a001111
PubMed ID:31913097

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