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In Vitro Evaluation of Substantivity, Staining Potential, and Biofilm Reduction of Guava Leaf Extract Mouth Rinse in Combination with its Anti-Inflammatory Effect on Human Gingival Epithelial Keratinocytes

Varghese, Jothi; Ramenzoni, Liza L; Shenoy, Padamaja; Nayak, Usha Y; Nayak, Namrata; Attin, Thomas; Schmidlin, Patrick R (2019). In Vitro Evaluation of Substantivity, Staining Potential, and Biofilm Reduction of Guava Leaf Extract Mouth Rinse in Combination with its Anti-Inflammatory Effect on Human Gingival Epithelial Keratinocytes. Materials, 12(23):3903.

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the biofilm reduction, staining potential, and cytotoxicity of guava extract mouth rinse compared to chlorhexidine (CHX). Substantivity, staining, and antibiofilm potential were investigated by spectrophotometry, colony-forming units, and luminosity color meter, respectively. The cell viability assay was conducted using a colorimetric assay to determine nontoxic levels of guava (0.15%) and CHX in human gingival epithelial keratinocytes (HGEK-16). Cells were treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS, 1μg/mL) and guava to assess inflammatory gene expression levels of interleukin-β1, tumor necrosis factor-α, and Prostaglandin E2. A scratch wound healing assay investigated the effects of guava on cell migration. The teeth coated in guava mouth rinse displayed 19.4% higher substantivity compared to CHX (0.2%), and the anti-biofilm reduction was observed with both guava and CHX mouth rinses (P < 0.05). The overall discoloration changes were higher with CHX and distilled water compared to guava. Also, guava significantly enhanced HGEK-16 cell viability (P < 0.05), and IL-β1, TNFα and PGE2 expression presented a 0.6-fold decrease when exposed to guava and LPS (P < 0.05). The present study showed that guava mouth rinse fulfilled the requirement for an effective and useful oral care product with desirable substantivity and anti-biofilm action. In addition, guava reduced the inflammation response in HGEK-16 and may be a potential oral rinse for oral anti-inflammatory therapies.

Additional indexing

Item Type:Journal Article, refereed, original work
Communities & Collections:04 Faculty of Medicine > Center for Dental Medicine > Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry
Dewey Decimal Classification:610 Medicine & health
Scopus Subject Areas:Physical Sciences > General Materials Science
Language:English
Date:26 November 2019
Deposited On:30 Jan 2020 09:32
Last Modified:22 Dec 2024 02:39
Publisher:MDPI Publishing
ISSN:1996-1944
OA Status:Gold
Free access at:PubMed ID. An embargo period may apply.
Publisher DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12233903
PubMed ID:31779134
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  • Language: English
  • Licence: Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

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