Abstract
Purpose of Review: This review aims to evaluate new insights into allergen immunotherapy (AIT) and review the mechanism, different protocols used, and response rate of this treatment option for canine atopic dermatitis.
Recent Findings AIT is the only etiological treatment available for canine atopic dermatitis. Selection of allergens is based on clinical history in conjunction with positive reactions on intradermal and serum testing. During decades AIT was applied
subcutaneously (SCIT) using aqueous or aluminum-precipitated solution of allergens, but in the last few years, new routes like sublingual (SLIT), intralymphatic (ILIT), and epicutaneous administration are on the rise. AIT combines a satisfactory success rate (around 70%) with a good safety profile. Adverse effects include mainly increased pruritus and anaphylactic reactions are rarely seen in animals. Pilot studies with different adjuvants to further increase safety and efficacy have been published.
Summary: AIT is a safe and effective therapy for canine atopic dermatitis. However, as most of the published studies are case series with often rather small numbers of animals included, more and larger randomized studies of immunotherapy are needed in a clinical setting to provide guidance on the optimal selection of allergens, adjuvants, dosing, success rate, and adverse effects of the various protocols of immunotherapy in dogs.
Fischer, Nina M