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Endothelial function in cardiovascular medicine: a consensus paper of the European Society of Cardiology Working Groups on Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology, Aorta and Peripheral Vascular Diseases, Coronary Pathophysiology and Microcirculation, and Thrombosis

Alexander, Yvonne; Osto, Elena; Schmidt-Trucksäss, Arno; Shechter, Michael; Trifunovic, Danijela; Duncker, Dirk J; Aboyans, Victor; Bäck, Magnus; Badimon, Lina; Cosentino, Francesco; De Carlo, Marco; Dorobantu, Maria; Harrison, David G; Guzik, Tomasz J; Hoefer, Imo; Morris, Paul D; Norata, Giuseppe D; Suades, Rosa; Taddei, Stefano; Vilahur, Gemma; Waltenberger, Johannes; Weber, Christian; Wilkinson, Fiona; Bochaton-Piallat, Marie-Luce; Evans, Paul C (2021). Endothelial function in cardiovascular medicine: a consensus paper of the European Society of Cardiology Working Groups on Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology, Aorta and Peripheral Vascular Diseases, Coronary Pathophysiology and Microcirculation, and Thrombosis. Cardiovascular Research, 117(1):29-42.

Abstract

Endothelial cells (ECs) are sentinels of cardiovascular health. Their function is reduced by the presence of cardiovascular risk factors, and is regained once pathological stimuli are removed. In this European Society for Cardiology Position Paper, we describe endothelial dysfunction as a spectrum of phenotypic states and advocate further studies to determine the role of EC subtypes in cardiovascular disease. We conclude that there is no single ideal method for measurement of endothelial function. Techniques to measure coronary epicardial and micro-vascular function are well established but they are invasive, time-consuming, and expensive. Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial arteries provides a non-invasive alternative but is technically challenging and requires extensive training and standardization. We, therefore, propose that a consensus methodology for FMD is universally adopted to minimize technical variation between studies, and that reference FMD values are established for different populations of healthy individuals and patient groups. Newer techniques to measure endothelial function that are relatively easy to perform, such as finger plethysmography and the retinal flicker test, have the potential for increased clinical use provided a consensus is achieved on the measurement protocol used. We recommend further clinical studies to establish reference values for these techniques and to assess their ability to improve cardiovascular risk stratification. We advocate future studies to determine whether integration of endothelial function measurements with patient-specific epigenetic data and other biomarkers can enhance the stratification of patients for differential diagnosis, disease progression, and responses to therapy.

Additional indexing

Item Type:Journal Article, refereed, further contribution
Communities & Collections:04 Faculty of Medicine > University Hospital Zurich > Institute of Clinical Chemistry
Dewey Decimal Classification:610 Medicine & health
540 Chemistry
Scopus Subject Areas:Life Sciences > Physiology
Health Sciences > Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Health Sciences > Physiology (medical)
Uncontrolled Keywords:Physiology (medical), Physiology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Language:English
Date:1 January 2021
Deposited On:09 Feb 2021 11:18
Last Modified:25 Oct 2024 01:37
Publisher:Oxford University Press
ISSN:0008-6363
OA Status:Closed
Free access at:Publisher DOI. An embargo period may apply.
Publisher DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvaa085
PubMed ID:32282914
Project Information:
  • Funder: H2020
  • Grant ID: 692511
  • Project Title: PROVASC - Cell-specific vascular protection by CXCL12/CXCR4
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