# Extended Lagrangian Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics with dissipation

Niklasson, A M N; Steneteg, P; Odell, A; Bock, N; Challacombe, M; Tymczak, C J; Holmstroem, E; Zheng, G; Weber, V (2009). Extended Lagrangian Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics with dissipation. Journal of Chemical Physics, 130(21):214109.

## Abstract

Stability and dissipation in the propagation of the electronic degrees of freedom in time-reversible extended Lagrangian Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics [Niklasson , Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 123001 (2006); Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 123004 (2008)] are analyzed. Because of the time-reversible propagation the dynamics of the extended electronic degrees of freedom is lossless with no dissipation of numerical errors. For long simulation times under noisy'' conditions, numerical errors may therefore accumulate to large fluctuations. We solve this problem by including a dissipative external electronic force that removes noise while keeping the energy stable. The approach corresponds to a Langevin-like dynamics for the electronic degrees of freedom with internal numerical error fluctuations and external, approximately energy conserving, dissipative forces. By tuning the dissipation to balance the numerical fluctuations the external perturbation can be kept to a minimum.

## Abstract

Stability and dissipation in the propagation of the electronic degrees of freedom in time-reversible extended Lagrangian Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics [Niklasson , Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 123001 (2006); Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 123004 (2008)] are analyzed. Because of the time-reversible propagation the dynamics of the extended electronic degrees of freedom is lossless with no dissipation of numerical errors. For long simulation times under noisy'' conditions, numerical errors may therefore accumulate to large fluctuations. We solve this problem by including a dissipative external electronic force that removes noise while keeping the energy stable. The approach corresponds to a Langevin-like dynamics for the electronic degrees of freedom with internal numerical error fluctuations and external, approximately energy conserving, dissipative forces. By tuning the dissipation to balance the numerical fluctuations the external perturbation can be kept to a minimum.

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Item Type: Journal Article, refereed, original work 07 Faculty of Science > Department of Chemistry 540 Chemistry Physical Sciences > General Physics and Astronomy Physical Sciences > Physical and Theoretical Chemistry English 2009 31 Jul 2009 11:25 29 Jul 2020 19:19 American Institute of Physics 0021-9606 Green Publisher DOI. An embargo period may apply. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3148075 19508058