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Sex difference in the immunogenicity of the quadrivalent Human Papilloma Virus vaccine: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Aldakak, Lafi; Huber, Vera Maria; Rühli, Frank; Bender, Nicole (2021). Sex difference in the immunogenicity of the quadrivalent Human Papilloma Virus vaccine: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine, 39(12):1680-1686.

Abstract

Background: Immunological differences between males and females in response to viral vaccines are well known. This the first review to examine them for the Human Papilloma Virus.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the immunogenicity of the Quadrivalent Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine qHPVV. We searched Medline, Embase, and CENTRAL for trials published until September 17, 2019. Inclusion criteria were 3-doses and reporting geometric mean titers (GMTs). We performed random-effects meta-analyses and meta-regression separated by age group and sex.

Results: Our search yielded 1809 unique studies. 334 full texts were screened and data from 18 studies were extracted. Females had higher pooled geometric mean titers than males in all age groups. Log transformed GMTs in male children (<16) years were: against HPV6: 6·62 (95% CI 6·29-6·94; I2 = 86·0%), against HPV11: 7·07 (95% CI 6·90-7·23; I2 = 63.1%), against HPV16: 8·53 (95% CI 8·28-8·78; I2 = 73·0%), and against HPV18 7·21 (95% CI 7·08-7·34; I2 = 26·4%). In females: against HPV6 7·10 (95% CI 6·79-7·41; I2 = 96·6%), HPV11: 7·32 (95% CI 7·15-7·50; I2 = 90·6%), HPV16: 8·71 (95% CI 8·52-8·91; I2 = 90·2%), and HPV18 7·35 (95% CI 7·11-7·58; I2 = 92·7%). In the meta-regression, the sexual difference was significant for HPV6 (p = 0·022) with a similar tendency for HPV11 (p = 0·066) and HPV18 (p = 0·079). Immunogenicity was significantly higher in children (<16) than in adults (p < 0·001).

Conclusion: Females have higher antibody titers against HPV after receiving the qHPVV than do males. The difference is bigger in low-risk HPV strains. Adjusting the doses and schedules for each sex should be explored further.

Keywords: Antibody response; Cervical cancer; Human Papilloma Virus; Immunogenicity; Quadrivalent HPV vaccine; Sex difference.

Additional indexing

Item Type:Journal Article, refereed, original work
Communities & Collections:04 Faculty of Medicine > Institute of Evolutionary Medicine
Dewey Decimal Classification:610 Medicine & health
Scopus Subject Areas:Life Sciences > Molecular Medicine
Life Sciences > General Immunology and Microbiology
Health Sciences > General Veterinary
Health Sciences > Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Health Sciences > Infectious Diseases
Uncontrolled Keywords:Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Immunology and Microbiology, Molecular Medicine, General Veterinary, Infectious Diseases
Language:English
Date:1 March 2021
Deposited On:01 Mar 2021 09:53
Last Modified:25 Oct 2024 01:38
Publisher:Elsevier
ISSN:0264-410X
OA Status:Hybrid
Free access at:Publisher DOI. An embargo period may apply.
Publisher DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.02.022
PubMed ID:33637386
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