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Object-Location Memory Training in Older Adults Leads to Greater Deactivation of the Dorsal Default Mode Network

Mikos, Ania; Malagurski, Brigitta; Liem, Franziskus; Mérillat, Susan; Jäncke, Lutz (2021). Object-Location Memory Training in Older Adults Leads to Greater Deactivation of the Dorsal Default Mode Network. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 15:623766.

Abstract

Substantial evidence indicates that cognitive training can be efficacious for older adults, but findings regarding training-related brain plasticity have been mixed and vary depending on the imaging modality. Recent years have seen a growth in recognition of the importance of large-scale brain networks on cognition. In particular, task-induced deactivation within the default mode network (DMN) is thought to facilitate externally directed cognition, while aging-related decrements in this neural process are related to reduced cognitive performance. It is not yet clear whether task-induced deactivation within the DMN can be enhanced by cognitive training in the elderly. We previously reported durable cognitive improvements in a sample of healthy older adults (age range = 60-75) who completed 6 weeks of process-based object-location memory training (N = 36) compared to an active control training group (N = 31). The primary aim of the current study is to evaluate whether these cognitive gains are accompanied by training-related changes in task-related DMN deactivation. Given the evidence for heterogeneity of the DMN, we examine task-related activation/deactivation within two separate DMN branches, a ventral branch related to episodic memory and a dorsal branch more closely resembling the canonical DMN. Participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while performing an untrained object-location memory task at four time points before, during, and after the training period. Task-induced (de)activation values were extracted for the ventral and dorsal DMN branches at each time point. Relative to visual fixation baseline: (i) the dorsal DMN was deactivated during the scanner task, while the ventral DMN was activated; (ii) the object-location memory training group exhibited an increase in dorsal DMN deactivation relative to the active control group over the course of training and follow-up; (iii) changes in dorsal DMN deactivation did not correlate with task improvement. These results indicate a training-related enhancement of task-induced deactivation of the dorsal DMN, although the specificity of this improvement to the cognitive task performed in the scanner is not clear.

Additional indexing

Item Type:Journal Article, refereed, original work
Communities & Collections:06 Faculty of Arts > Institute of Psychology
08 Research Priority Programs > Dynamics of Healthy Aging
Dewey Decimal Classification:150 Psychology
Scopus Subject Areas:Social Sciences & Humanities > Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology
Life Sciences > Neurology
Health Sciences > Psychiatry and Mental Health
Life Sciences > Biological Psychiatry
Life Sciences > Behavioral Neuroscience
Language:English
Date:2021
Deposited On:23 Mar 2021 10:33
Last Modified:25 Oct 2024 01:38
Publisher:Frontiers Research Foundation
ISSN:1662-5161
OA Status:Gold
Free access at:PubMed ID. An embargo period may apply.
Publisher DOI:https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2021.623766
PubMed ID:33716693
Project Information:
  • Funder: SNSF
  • Grant ID: 100014_146542
  • Project Title: Behavioral, functional, and structural plasticity of spatial memory in old age
  • Funder: Suzanne and Hans Biäsch Foundation for Applied Psychology
  • Grant ID: 2012/7
  • Project Title:
  • Funder: Velux Stiftung
  • Grant ID: 369
  • Project Title:
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  • Content: Published Version
  • Language: English
  • Licence: Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

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