Are civic integration tests justifiable?

Abstract

In recent decades, many liberal democracies have introduced civic integration tests for certain groups of would-be residents and would-be citizens. These are standardised exams that determine whether an individual can gain entry, long-term residence, and/or citizenship within a given society. The aim of this chapter is twofold: (1) to propose a three-step test for determining whether civic integration tests are justifiable and (2) to show that it is doubtful whether civic integration tests can pass these steps