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Dirty waveforms: multiband harmonic content of gas-embedded gravitational wave sources

Zwick, Lorenz; Derdzinski, Andrea; Garg, Mudit; Capelo, Pedro R; Mayer, Lucio (2022). Dirty waveforms: multiband harmonic content of gas-embedded gravitational wave sources. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 511(4):6143-6159.

Abstract

We analyse the effect of stochastic torque fluctuations on the orbital evolution and the gravitational wave (GW) emission of gas-embedded sources with intermediate and extreme mass ratios. We show that gas-driven fluctuations imprint additional harmonic content in the GWs of the binary system, which we dub dirty waveforms (DWs). We find three interesting observational prospects for DWs, provided that torque fluctuations do indeed persist beyond the resolution limit of current hydrodynamical simulations. First, DWs can produce a significant stochastic GW background, comparable to other GW noise sources. Secondly, the energy flux implied by the additional harmonics can cause a detectable secular phase shift in Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) sources, even if the net torque fluctuations vanish when averaged over orbital time-scales. Lastly, the DWs of moderate-redshift nHz supermassive binaries detectable by pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) could be detectable in the mHz range, producing a new type of PTA–LISA multiband gravitational source. Our results suggest that searching for DWs and their effects can potentially be a novel way to probe the heaviest of black holes and the physics of the accretion discs surrounding them. We find these results to be a further confirmation of the many exciting prospects of actively searching for environmental effects within the data stream of future GW detectors.

Additional indexing

Item Type:Journal Article, refereed, original work
Communities & Collections:07 Faculty of Science > Institute for Computational Science
Dewey Decimal Classification:530 Physics
Scopus Subject Areas:Physical Sciences > Astronomy and Astrophysics
Physical Sciences > Space and Planetary Science
Uncontrolled Keywords:Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics
Language:English
Date:12 March 2022
Deposited On:21 Nov 2022 07:28
Last Modified:28 Oct 2024 02:38
Publisher:Oxford University Press
ISSN:0035-8711
OA Status:Green
Free access at:Publisher DOI. An embargo period may apply.
Publisher DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac299
Project Information:
  • Funder: SNSF
  • Grant ID: 200020_178949
  • Project Title: Massive black holes as gravitational wave sources in the landscape of galaxy formation
  • Funder: SNSF
  • Grant ID: 200020_192092
  • Project Title: Dynamics and origin of LISA massive black holes (MBHs) and Extreme Mass Ratio Inspirals (EMRIs) in the landscape of galaxy formation
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  • Licence: Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

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