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Resuscitation strategies from bupivacaine-induced cardiac arrest


Mauch, J; Jurado, O M; Spielmann, N; Bettschart-Wolfensberger, R; Weiss, M (2012). Resuscitation strategies from bupivacaine-induced cardiac arrest. Pediatric Anesthesia (Paediatric Anaesthesia), 22(2):124-129.

Abstract

Objectives:  Local anesthetic (LA) intoxication with cardiovascular arrest is a potential fatal complication of regional anesthesia. Lipid resuscitation has been recommended for the treatment of LA-induced cardiac arrest. Aim of the study was to compare four different rescue regimens using epinephrine and/or lipid emulsion and vasopressin to treat cardiac arrest caused by bupivacaine intoxication. Methods:  Twenty-eight piglets were randomized into four groups (4 × 7), anesthetized with sevoflurane, intubated, and ventilated. Bupivacaine was infused with a syringe driver via central venous catheter at a rate of 1 mg·kg(-1) ·min(-1) until circulatory arrest. Bupivacaine infusion and sevoflurane were then stopped, chest compression was started, and the pigs were ventilated with 100% oxygen. After 1 min, epinephrine 10 μg·kg(-1) (group 1), Intralipid(®) 20% 4 ml·kg(-1) (group 2), epinephrine 10 μg·kg(-1)  +  Intralipid(®) 4 ml·kg(-1) (group 3) or 2 IU vasopressin + Intralipid(®) 4 ml·kg(-1) (group 4) were administered. Secondary epinephrine doses were given after 5 min if required. Results:  Survival was 71%, 29%, 86%, and 57% in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4. Return of spontaneous circulation was regained only by initial administration of epinephrine alone or in combination with Intralipid(®) . Piglets receiving the combination therapy survived without further epinephrine support. In contrast, in groups 2 and 4, return of spontaneous circulation was only achieved after secondary epinephrine rescue. Conclusions:  In cardiac arrest caused by bupivacaine intoxication, first-line rescue with epinephrine and epinephrine + Intralipid(®) was more effective with regard to survival than Intralipid(®) alone and vasopressin + Intralipid(®) in this pig model.

© 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Abstract

Objectives:  Local anesthetic (LA) intoxication with cardiovascular arrest is a potential fatal complication of regional anesthesia. Lipid resuscitation has been recommended for the treatment of LA-induced cardiac arrest. Aim of the study was to compare four different rescue regimens using epinephrine and/or lipid emulsion and vasopressin to treat cardiac arrest caused by bupivacaine intoxication. Methods:  Twenty-eight piglets were randomized into four groups (4 × 7), anesthetized with sevoflurane, intubated, and ventilated. Bupivacaine was infused with a syringe driver via central venous catheter at a rate of 1 mg·kg(-1) ·min(-1) until circulatory arrest. Bupivacaine infusion and sevoflurane were then stopped, chest compression was started, and the pigs were ventilated with 100% oxygen. After 1 min, epinephrine 10 μg·kg(-1) (group 1), Intralipid(®) 20% 4 ml·kg(-1) (group 2), epinephrine 10 μg·kg(-1)  +  Intralipid(®) 4 ml·kg(-1) (group 3) or 2 IU vasopressin + Intralipid(®) 4 ml·kg(-1) (group 4) were administered. Secondary epinephrine doses were given after 5 min if required. Results:  Survival was 71%, 29%, 86%, and 57% in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4. Return of spontaneous circulation was regained only by initial administration of epinephrine alone or in combination with Intralipid(®) . Piglets receiving the combination therapy survived without further epinephrine support. In contrast, in groups 2 and 4, return of spontaneous circulation was only achieved after secondary epinephrine rescue. Conclusions:  In cardiac arrest caused by bupivacaine intoxication, first-line rescue with epinephrine and epinephrine + Intralipid(®) was more effective with regard to survival than Intralipid(®) alone and vasopressin + Intralipid(®) in this pig model.

© 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

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Additional indexing

Item Type:Journal Article, refereed, original work
Communities & Collections:04 Faculty of Medicine > University Children's Hospital Zurich > Clinic for Surgery
05 Vetsuisse Faculty > Veterinary Clinic > Equine Department
Dewey Decimal Classification:610 Medicine & health
Scopus Subject Areas:Health Sciences > Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Health Sciences > Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
Language:English
Date:2012
Deposited On:28 Jan 2012 11:17
Last Modified:23 Jan 2022 20:34
Publisher:Wiley-Blackwell
ISSN:1155-5645
OA Status:Closed
Publisher DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9592.2011.03688.x
PubMed ID:21883659