Novel Synthesis of 2-Alkylquinolizinium-1-olates and their 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition reactions with Acetylenes

Abstract

Several 2-alkylquinolizinium-1-olates 9, i.e., heterobetaines, were prepared from ketone 11, the latter being readily available either from pyridine-2-carbaldehyde via a Grignard reaction, followed by oxidation with MnO2, or from 2-picolinic acid (= pyridine-2-carboxylic acid) via the corresponding Weinreb amide and subsequent Grignard reaction. Mesoionic heterobetaines such as quinolizinium derivatives have the potential to undergo cycloaddition reactions with double and triple bonds, e.g., 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions or Diels-Alder reactions. We here report on the scope and limitations of cycloaddition reactions of 2-alkylquinolizinium-1-olates 9 with electron-poor acetylene derivatives. As main products of the reaction, 5-oxopyrrolo[2,1,5-de]quinolizines (= '[2.3.3]cyclazin-5-ones') 19 were formed via a regioselective [2+3] cycloaddition, and cyclohexadienone derivatives, formed via a Diels-Alder reaction, were obtained as side products. The structures of 2-benzylquinolizinium-1-olate (9a) and two '[2.3.3]cyclazin-5-ones' 19i and 19l were established by X-ray crystallography.