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Electrocardiographic and haemodynamic alterations caused by three different test solutions of local anaesthetics to detect accidental intravascular injection in children


Mauch, J Y; Spielmann, N; Hartnack, S; Weiss, M (2012). Electrocardiographic and haemodynamic alterations caused by three different test solutions of local anaesthetics to detect accidental intravascular injection in children. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 108(2):283-289.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate ECG and haemodynamic alterations provoked by a test dose of bupivacaine, epinephrine, and their combination.
METHODS: Paediatric patients undergoing general anaesthesia were randomized into three groups. After anaesthesia induction and tracheal intubation, 0.2 ml kg(-1) (max. 3 ml) of the corresponding test solution was i.v. injected: bupivacaine 0.125% (Group B), bupivacaine 0.125% plus epinephrine 1:200 000 (Group BE), or epinephrine 1:200 000 (Group E). ECG was printed and analysed post hoc. Non-invasive arterial pressure (AP) was measured at 1 and 2 min after test dose injection. Increases in T-wave of ≥ 25%, in heart rate (HR) of ≥ 10 beats min(-1), and in systolic AP of ≥ 15 mm Hg above baseline value were considered a positive result.
RESULTS: A total of 105 children aged 0.2-16 (median 6.8) yr were enrolled. Test dose injection provoked T-wave elevation in 0%, 85%, and 89% of patients in Groups B, BE, and E, respectively. A positive increase in HR was found in 0%, 68%, and 76%. A positive increase in AP at 1 min was found in 0%, 88%, and 94% and at 2 min in 0%, 42%, and 59%. A decrease in HR of ≥ 10 beats min(-1) was observed in 6%, 76%, and 69%. Alterations in T-wave and HR were significantly influenced by age.
CONCLUSIONS: ECG and haemodynamic alterations after i.v. injection of a local anaesthetic test dose were significantly influenced by epinephrine. T-wave elevation, increase in AP, and changes in HR are highly reliable variables, particularly when age is taken into account.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate ECG and haemodynamic alterations provoked by a test dose of bupivacaine, epinephrine, and their combination.
METHODS: Paediatric patients undergoing general anaesthesia were randomized into three groups. After anaesthesia induction and tracheal intubation, 0.2 ml kg(-1) (max. 3 ml) of the corresponding test solution was i.v. injected: bupivacaine 0.125% (Group B), bupivacaine 0.125% plus epinephrine 1:200 000 (Group BE), or epinephrine 1:200 000 (Group E). ECG was printed and analysed post hoc. Non-invasive arterial pressure (AP) was measured at 1 and 2 min after test dose injection. Increases in T-wave of ≥ 25%, in heart rate (HR) of ≥ 10 beats min(-1), and in systolic AP of ≥ 15 mm Hg above baseline value were considered a positive result.
RESULTS: A total of 105 children aged 0.2-16 (median 6.8) yr were enrolled. Test dose injection provoked T-wave elevation in 0%, 85%, and 89% of patients in Groups B, BE, and E, respectively. A positive increase in HR was found in 0%, 68%, and 76%. A positive increase in AP at 1 min was found in 0%, 88%, and 94% and at 2 min in 0%, 42%, and 59%. A decrease in HR of ≥ 10 beats min(-1) was observed in 6%, 76%, and 69%. Alterations in T-wave and HR were significantly influenced by age.
CONCLUSIONS: ECG and haemodynamic alterations after i.v. injection of a local anaesthetic test dose were significantly influenced by epinephrine. T-wave elevation, increase in AP, and changes in HR are highly reliable variables, particularly when age is taken into account.

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Additional indexing

Item Type:Journal Article, refereed, original work
Communities & Collections:04 Faculty of Medicine > University Children's Hospital Zurich > Clinic for Surgery
05 Vetsuisse Faculty > Chair in Veterinary Epidemiology
Dewey Decimal Classification:570 Life sciences; biology
610 Medicine & health
Scopus Subject Areas:Health Sciences > Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
Language:English
Date:2012
Deposited On:09 Nov 2012 11:25
Last Modified:08 Nov 2023 02:43
Publisher:Oxford University Press
ISSN:0007-0912
OA Status:Hybrid
Publisher DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aer389
PubMed ID:22157845
  • Content: Published Version
  • Language: English
  • Description: Nationallizenz 142-005