# Three circles theorems for Schrödinger operators on cylindrical ends and geometric applications

Colding, T; De Lellis, C; Minicozzi, W (2008). Three circles theorems for Schrödinger operators on cylindrical ends and geometric applications. Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics, 61(11):1540-1602.

## Abstract

We show that for a Schrödinger operator with bounded potential on a manifold with cylindrical ends, the space of solutions that grows at most exponentially at infinity is finite dimensional and, for a dense set of potentials (or, equivalently, for a surface for a fixed potential and a dense set of metrics), the constant function 0 is the only solution that vanishes at infinity. Clearly, for general potentials there can be many solutions that vanish at infinity.
One of the key ingredients in these results is a three circles inequality (or log convexity inequality) for the Sobolev norm of a solution u to a Schrödinger equation on a product N × [0, T], where N is a closed manifold with a certain spectral gap. Examples of such N's are all (round) spheres n for n 1 and all Zoll surfaces.
Finally, we discuss some examples arising in geometry of such manifolds and Schrödinger operators.

## Abstract

We show that for a Schrödinger operator with bounded potential on a manifold with cylindrical ends, the space of solutions that grows at most exponentially at infinity is finite dimensional and, for a dense set of potentials (or, equivalently, for a surface for a fixed potential and a dense set of metrics), the constant function 0 is the only solution that vanishes at infinity. Clearly, for general potentials there can be many solutions that vanish at infinity.
One of the key ingredients in these results is a three circles inequality (or log convexity inequality) for the Sobolev norm of a solution u to a Schrödinger equation on a product N × [0, T], where N is a closed manifold with a certain spectral gap. Examples of such N's are all (round) spheres n for n 1 and all Zoll surfaces.
Finally, we discuss some examples arising in geometry of such manifolds and Schrödinger operators.

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