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Diseases of glycosylation beyond classical congenital disorders of glycosylation


Hennet, Thierry (2012). Diseases of glycosylation beyond classical congenital disorders of glycosylation. Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta, 1820(9):1306-1317.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Diseases of glycosylation are rare inherited disorders, which are often referred to as congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). Several types of CDG have been described in the last decades, encompassing defects of nucleotide-sugar biosynthesis, nucleotide-sugar transporters, glycosyltransferases and vesicular transport. Although clinically heterogeneous, most types of CDG are associated with neurological impairments ranging from severe psychomotor retardation to moderate intellectual disabilities. CDG are mainly caused by defects of N-glycosylation, owing to the simple detection of under-glycosylated serum transferrin by isoelectric focusing.
SCOPE OF REVIEW: In the last years, several disorders of O-glycosylation, glycolipid and glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis have been described, which are known by trivial names not directly associated with the family of CDG. The present review outlines 64 gene defects affecting glycan biosynthesis and modifications, thereby underlining the complexity of glycosylation pathways and pointing to unexpected phenotypes and functional redundancies in the control of glycoconjugate biosynthesis.
MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: The increasing application of whole-genome sequencing techniques unravels new defects of glycosylation, which are associated to moderate forms of mental disabilities.
GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: The knowledge gathered through the investigation of CDG increases the understanding of the functions associated to protein glycosylation in humans. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Glycoproteomics.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Diseases of glycosylation are rare inherited disorders, which are often referred to as congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). Several types of CDG have been described in the last decades, encompassing defects of nucleotide-sugar biosynthesis, nucleotide-sugar transporters, glycosyltransferases and vesicular transport. Although clinically heterogeneous, most types of CDG are associated with neurological impairments ranging from severe psychomotor retardation to moderate intellectual disabilities. CDG are mainly caused by defects of N-glycosylation, owing to the simple detection of under-glycosylated serum transferrin by isoelectric focusing.
SCOPE OF REVIEW: In the last years, several disorders of O-glycosylation, glycolipid and glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis have been described, which are known by trivial names not directly associated with the family of CDG. The present review outlines 64 gene defects affecting glycan biosynthesis and modifications, thereby underlining the complexity of glycosylation pathways and pointing to unexpected phenotypes and functional redundancies in the control of glycoconjugate biosynthesis.
MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: The increasing application of whole-genome sequencing techniques unravels new defects of glycosylation, which are associated to moderate forms of mental disabilities.
GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: The knowledge gathered through the investigation of CDG increases the understanding of the functions associated to protein glycosylation in humans. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Glycoproteomics.

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Additional indexing

Item Type:Journal Article, refereed, further contribution
Communities & Collections:04 Faculty of Medicine > Institute of Physiology
07 Faculty of Science > Institute of Physiology
Dewey Decimal Classification:570 Life sciences; biology
Scopus Subject Areas:Life Sciences > Biophysics
Life Sciences > Biochemistry
Life Sciences > Molecular Biology
Language:English
Date:2012
Deposited On:22 Feb 2013 15:20
Last Modified:24 Jan 2022 00:09
Publisher:Elsevier
ISSN:0006-3002
OA Status:Green
Publisher DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.02.001
PubMed ID:22343051
  • Content: Accepted Version