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Nation related participation and performance trends in 'Ironman Hawaii' from 1985 to 2012

Dähler, Philippe; Rüst, Christoph Alexander; Rosemann, Thomas; Lepers, Romuald; Knechtle, Beat (2014). Nation related participation and performance trends in 'Ironman Hawaii' from 1985 to 2012. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 6:16.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: This study examined participation and performance trends in 'Ironman Hawaii' regarding the nationality of the finishers.
METHODS: Associations between nationalities and race times of 39,706 finishers originating from 124 countries in the 'Ironman Hawaii' from 1985 to 2012 were analyzed using single and multi-level regression analysis. RESULTS: Most of the finishers originated from the United States of America (47.5%) followed by athletes from Germany (11.7%), Japan (7.9%), Australia (6.7%), Canada (5.2%), Switzerland (2.9%), France (2.3%), Great Britain (2.0%), New Zealand (1.9%), and Austria (1.5%). German women showed the fastest increase in finishers (r2=0.83, p<0.0001), followed by Australia (r2=0.78, p<0.0001), Canada (r2=0.78, p<0.0001) and the USA (r2=0.69, p<0.0001). Japanese women showed no change in the number of finishers (r2=0.01, p>0.05). For men, athletes from France showed the steepest increase (r2=0.85, p<0.0001), followed by Austria (r2=0.68, p<0.0001), Australia (r2=0.67, p<0.0001), Brazil (r2=0.60, p<0.0001), Great Britain (r2=0.46, p<0.0001), Germany (r2=0.26, p<0.0001), the United States of America (r2=0.21, p=0.013) and Switzerland (r2=0.14, p=0.0044). The number of Japanese men decreased (r2=0.35, p=0.0009). The number of men from Canada (r2=0.02, p>0.05) and New Zealand (r2=0.02, p>0.05) remained unchanged. Regarding female performance, the largest improvements were achieved by Japanese women (17.3%). The fastest race times in 2012 were achieved by US-American women. Women from Japan, Canada, Germany, Australia, and the United States of America improved race times. For men, the largest improvements were achieved by athletes originating from Brazil (20.9%) whereas the fastest race times in 2012 were achieved by athletes from Germany. Race times for athletes originating from Brazil, Austria, Great Britain, Switzerland, Germany, Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand and France decreased. Race times in athletes originating from Australia and the United States of America showed no significant changes. Regarding the fastest race times ever, the fastest women originated from the United States (546+/-7 min) followed by Great Britain (555+/-15 min) and Switzerland (558+/-8 min). In men, the fastest finishers originated from the United States (494+/-7 min), Germany (496+/-6 min) and Australia (497+/-5 min). CONCLUSIONS: The 'Ironman Hawaii' has been dominated by women and men from the United States of America in participation and performance.

Additional indexing

Item Type:Journal Article, not_refereed, original work
Communities & Collections:04 Faculty of Medicine > University Hospital Zurich > Institute of General Practice
Dewey Decimal Classification:610 Medicine & health
Scopus Subject Areas:Health Sciences > Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Health Sciences > Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation
Health Sciences > Rehabilitation
Language:English
Date:2014
Deposited On:14 May 2014 07:04
Last Modified:02 Nov 2024 04:30
Publisher:BioMed Central
ISSN:2052-1847
OA Status:Gold
Free access at:PubMed ID. An embargo period may apply.
Publisher DOI:https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-1847-6-16
PubMed ID:24735524
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