Play Behavior Varies with Age, Sex, and Socioecological Context in Wild, Immature Orangutans (Pongo spp.)

Kunz, Julia A; Falkner, Sonja S; Aprilinayati, Fikty; Duvot, Guilhem J; Fröhlich, Marlen; Willems, Erik P; Atmoko, Sri Suci Utami; van Schaik, Carel P; Schuppli, Caroline; van Noordwijk, Maria A

doi:10.1007/s10764-023-00414-2

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Kunz, J. A., Falkner, S. S., Aprilinayati, F., Duvot, G. J., Fröhlich, M., Willems, E. P., Atmoko, S. S. U., van Schaik, C. P., Schuppli, C., & van Noordwijk, M. A. (2024). Play Behavior Varies with Age, Sex, and Socioecological Context in Wild, Immature Orangutans (Pongo spp.). International Journal of Primatology, 45(4), 739–773. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-023-00414-2

Abstract

Play is thought to serve different purposes at different times during ontogeny. The nature and frequency of play are expected to change accordingly over the developmental trajectory and with socio-ecological context. Orangutans offer the opportunity to disentangle the ontogenetic trajectories of solitary and social play with their extended immature phase, and socio-ecological variation among populations and species. We evaluated the frequency of play in 39 immature individuals across two populations (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii, at Tuanan,